Common Myths and Facts about the Causes of Sexual Violence

Fact: Rape and sexual violence are crimes of violence and control that stem from a person’s determination to exercise power over another. Neither provocative dress nor promiscuous behaviors are invitations for unwanted sexual activity. Forcing someone to engage in non-consensual sexual activity is sexual assault, regardless of the way that person dresses or acts.

Fact: This “assumption of risk” wrongfully places the responsibility of the offender’s action with the victim/survivor. Even if a person went voluntarily to someone’s home or room and consented to engage in some sexual activity, it does not serve as blanket consent for all sexual activity. When in doubt if the person is comfortable with an elevated level of sexual activity, stop and ask. When someone says “no” or “stop,” that means “STOP!” Sexual activity forced upon another without valid consent is sexual assault. California requires affirmative consent that is mutual, voluntary, knowing, on-going, and revocable at any time.

Fact: Being under the influence of alcohol or drugs is not an invitation for sexual activity. A person under the influence does not cause others to assault them; others choose to take advantage of the situation and sexually assault them because they are in a vulnerable position. A person who is incapacitated due to the influence of alcohol or drugs is not able to consent to sexual activity.

Fact: Most sexual assaults and rape are committed by someone the victim/survivor knows. A study of sexual victimization of college women showed that about 90% of victims/survivors knew the person who sexually victimized them. Most often, a boyfriend, ex-boyfriend, classmate, friend, acquaintance or co-worker sexually victimized the person. It is important to remember that sexual violence can occur in both heterosexual and same gender relationships.

Fact: Rape and sexual violence can occur at any time, in many places, to anyone.

 
Fact: Victims/survivors of sexual violence exhibit a spectrum of responses to the assault which can include: calm, hysteria, withdrawal, anxiety, anger, apathy, denial and shock. Being sexually assaulted is a very traumatic experience. Reaction to the assault and the length of time needed to process through the experience vary with each person. There is no “right way” to react to being sexually assaulted. Assumptions about the way a victim/survivor “should act” may be detrimental to the victim/survivor because each victim/survivor copes in different ways.

Fact: There are many reasons why a sexual violence victim/survivor may not report the assault to the police or campus officials. It is not easy to talk about being sexually assaulted and can feel very shameful. The experience of retelling what happened may cause the person to relive the trauma. Another reason for delaying a report or not making a report is the fear of retaliation by the offender. There is also the fear of being blamed, not being believed and being required to go through judicial proceedings. Just because a victim/survivor does not report the sexual violence does not mean it did not happen.

Fact: The belief that only young, pretty women are sexually assaulted stems from the myth that sexual violence is based on sex and physical attraction. Sexual violence is a crime of power and control. Offenders often choose people whom they perceive as most vulnerable to attack or whom they believe they can assert power. Men and boys are also sexually assaulted, as well as persons with disabilities and members of our LGBTQ+ community. Assumptions about the “typical” victim/survivor might lead others not to report the assault because they do not fit the stereotypical victim/survivor.

Fact: Many states do not require the victim/survivor to resist in order to charge the offender with rape or sexual assault. Those who do not resist may feel if they do so, they will anger their attacker, resulting in more severe injury. Many assault experts say that victims/survivors should trust their instincts and intuition and do what they believe will most likely keep them alive. Not fighting or resisting an attack does not equal consent.

Fact: In many cases of sexual assault, a weapon is not involved. The offender often uses physical strength, physical violence, intimidation, threats or a combination of these tactics to overpower the victim/survivor. Although the presence of a weapon while committing the assault may result in a higher penalty or criminal charge, the absence of a weapon does not mean that the offender cannot be held criminally responsible for a sexual assault.